John j



' NiTnD STATES 1 PATENT OFFICE.

JOHNJ. MASSON, OF NEWARK, NEV JERSEY.

LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 609,689, dated .August 23, 1898. Application iled November 29, 1897. Serial N0- 660,016. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN J. MASSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New J ersey, haveinvented certain new and usefullmprovements in Lamps; and `Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and eX- act description ofthe invention, such as will i enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.'

My invention relates to lamps; and the objects are, rst, to improve the draftlthereoi", and, secondly, to provide for said. lamp a simple and effective wick-lock, together with means for securing the oil-fount in'place.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists of means for diverting the air entering the lampupwardly, but with diminished force, directly to the flame, and feeding it in a manner to secure a steady light and to prevent smoking of the wick. The gas usually generated in oil-lamps is forced out at the top of the chimney and downward also through construction to be presently set forth in detail. The means for the improvement of the draft comprehend a series of air-chambers open for the entrance of the air, whose side walls act as dedectors to direct the air upwardly, and a burner-plate designed to diminish the force of the draft and feed the air to the wick under a pressure which is at all times the same. The air enters through some of the chambers, according to the direction of the air-current, and forces aportion of the products of combustion outof the remaining chambers, the other `part escaping through in conjunction with the accompanying draw-V ings, in which- Figure l is a central vertical section of the lamp, showing the oil-fount in elevation. Fig. 2 is a sectional view 'of the lamp on the line 2 2 of Fig. l, the oil-fount being in elevation. Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3 3 of Fig.` l, and Fig. 4 is a partial side elevation of the lamp.

Like letters and numerals of reference denote like parts in the several gures of the drawings.

A is the body of the lamp, of any suitable design, and it maybe provided with any suit-- able form of reflector, such as the parabolic reiector illustrated. The lamp is provided with a chimney a, having a hood or Icowl ct', which may be removably secured thereto by means of the diametrically opposite perforations in the rim engaging with pins on the chimney or any other suitable fastening devices. Both the chimney and hood are provided with peripheral perforations a2 to permit the escape of the products of combustion, which pass up through an opening in the top of the reflector.

Depending from the body of the lamp is an annular extension or cylinder B, provided with a series of perforations or air-ports Z7. In one side of the extension or cylinder B is a slot b', open at the bottom and extending vertically upward about half the height of the same, and branching from said slot horizontally is a slot b2. Oppositely disposed to the vertical slot b is a similar slot b3.

When the oil-fount C is placed within the cyling the said fountpartially to the right, therei by securely locking the same within the cylinder. This is made possible by reason of the fact that the wicknaiseil is carried by the cap, while the pin or stud c projects from the oil-fount into which the cap threads. When the said fount is turned to throw the pin into the horizontal slot b2, it revolves upon the thread of the cap.

The wick-tube c' passes up into the interior of the lamp through a circular opening a3 in the lamp-body, which is covered by a perforated plate or reducer d4, whose chief func tion it is to admit air to the burner under reduced draft. This `reducer is slotted to permit the wick-tube to pass therethrough and is provided with a perforated upturned flange uniting with the reiiector and serving to further and completely protect the flame against a strong draft of air.

The cylinder B is provided with a series of IOO radial partitions 1 3', which closely conform to the conguration of the upper part of the oil-fount and which extend upwardly to the perforated plate or reducer a4. The inner edges of these radial partitions do not meet, but are sufficiently short of the center to permit the wick-tube c' to pass upwardly throughv the center of the cylinder. When the oilfount is locked in position, as shown in all of the figures of the drawings, the upper part of said fount, Vengagingwith the cut-away edges of the said partitions, serves to form a series of air-chambers, in this instance four, which are closed to the entrance of air except through the series of perforations b.

Perforations a in the bottom of the lampbody, outside of the cylinder, serve as additional outlets for the products of combustion. The spindle of the wick-raiser C projects outside of the cylinder in each direction'and ,is provided on the end opposite to the slot b2 with screw-threads, upon which works a winged nut C2. This winged nut is designed to lock the spindle of the wick-raiser C against rotation in order that the wick may be secured in any position. The spindle is incapable of longitudinal movement, owing to the usual construction of wick-raisers with the toothed wheels C4 working through slots in the wicktube, and -therefore revolution of the spindle of the wick-raiser in either direction is positively arrested when the winged nut is brought to bear against the side of the extension or cylinder B; From this simple construction it will be seen that a convenient and effective wick-lock is provided. The spindle is headed upon the end which is screw-threaded to prevent loss of the winged nut, and upon the opposite end is a disk C3 for operating the wick-raiser.

This completes the construction of my invention, and the following is a brief but comprehensive statement of its operation.

In Figs. l and 3 I have shown by arrows the course of the current of air which enters chamber l. The direction of the current before it enters the cylinder B may be such that it would enter only the perforations of this chamber, or it may enter other chambers or two adjacent chambers; but in any event the air striking the walls or partitions of the chamber and the cap of the oil-fount would be deiiected upwardly and pass through the perforations in the burner-plate or reducer 0,4 directly in an unbroken path to the flame. The perforated plate or reducer would act upon the current of air to diminish its force, so that it would be fed to the flame under reduced pressure. This draft would tend to carry off the products of combustion through the chimney and also downwardly through the reducer into and out of the remaining chambers 2, 3, and 4, through which the air does not enter. A portion of the products of combustion finds its way out through the perforations a5 in the bottom of the lamp-body.

I do not desire to limit myself to the precylinder, of a series of radial partitions within said cylinder, cooperating with the oil-fount to divide the cylinder into a series of airchambers, an air-passage from the top of the cylinder into the lamp-body, which is common to all of the chambers, and surrounds the wick-tube projecting into the lamp-body, and a draft-reducer interposed between the air-chambers and the burner.

2. In a lamp, the combination with a perforated cylinder depending therefrom, and an oil-fount, removably engaging with the cylinder, of a series of radial partitions within said cylinder, cooperating with the oil-fount to divide the cylinder into a series of airchambers, an air-passage from the top of the cylinder into the lamp-body, common to all of the air-chambers, and surrounding the lwick-tube which projects into the lamp-body, and a perforated plate interposed between the air-chambers and the lamp-body and covering the said air-passage.

3. In a lamp of the character described, a wick -lock consisting of a spindle extending outside of the lamp-body, at each end, and secured against longitudinal movement, toothed wheels carried by said spindle and engaging with the Wick, a disk for turning the spindle to raise and lower the wick, and a winged nut working upon the opposite, screw-threaded end of the spindle and designed to bear againstthe side of the lamp, to prevent rotation of lthe said spindle, substantially as described.

4. In a lamp, the combination with a depending, annular eXtension, provided with oppositely disposed, vertical, slots, and a horizontal slot, branching from one of the vertical slots, of an oil-fount, designed to entersaid extension and havinga rotatable cap, carrying a wick-raiser spindle, which projects therefrom at each side, and is designed to enter the vertical slots, a nut carried thereby and designed to bear against the said annular extension, and a pin or stud, which projects from the body of the oil-fount, and enters the horizontal slot, to lock the fount in place, when the body thereof is rotated with relation to the cap, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of witnesses.

JOHN J. MASSON.

4 Witnesses: y

O. E. THoRN,

A. F. I-IUFFMAN, L. M. WHITAKER.

IIC 

